R Built-in Data Sets


R comes with several built-in data sets, which are generally used as demo data for playing with R functions.


In this article, we’ll first describe how load and use R built-in data sets. Next, we’ll describe some of the most used R demo data sets: mtcars, iris, ToothGrowth, PlantGrowth and USArrests.


Preleminary tasks

Launch RStudio as described here: Running RStudio and setting up your working directory

List of pre-loaded data

To see the list of pre-loaded data, type the function data():

data()

The output is as follow:

R data sets

Loading a built-in R data

Load and print mtcars data as follow:

# Loading
data(mtcars)
# Print the first 6 rows
head(mtcars, 6)
                   mpg cyl disp  hp drat    wt  qsec vs am gear carb
Mazda RX4         21.0   6  160 110 3.90 2.620 16.46  0  1    4    4
Mazda RX4 Wag     21.0   6  160 110 3.90 2.875 17.02  0  1    4    4
Datsun 710        22.8   4  108  93 3.85 2.320 18.61  1  1    4    1
Hornet 4 Drive    21.4   6  258 110 3.08 3.215 19.44  1  0    3    1
Hornet Sportabout 18.7   8  360 175 3.15 3.440 17.02  0  0    3    2
Valiant           18.1   6  225 105 2.76 3.460 20.22  1  0    3    1

If you want learn more about mtcars data sets, type this:

?mtcars

Most used R built-in data sets

mtcars: Motor Trend Car Road Tests

The data was extracted from the 1974 Motor Trend US magazine, and comprises fuel consumption and 10 aspects of automobile design and performance for 32 automobiles (1973–74 models)

  • View the content of mtcars data set:
# 1. Loading 
data("mtcars")
# 2. Print
head(mtcars)
  • It contains 32 observations and 11 variables:
# Number of rows (observations)
nrow(mtcars)
[1] 32
# Number of columns (variables)
ncol(mtcars)
[1] 11
  • Description of variables:
  1. mpg: Miles/(US) gallon
  2. cyl: Number of cylinders
  3. disp: Displacement (cu.in.)
  4. hp: Gross horsepower
  5. drat: Rear axle ratio
  6. wt: Weight (1000 lbs)
  7. qsec: 1/4 mile time
  8. vs: V/S
  9. am: Transmission (0 = automatic, 1 = manual)
  10. gear: Number of forward gears
  11. carb: Number of carburetors

If you want to learn more about mtcars, type this:

?mtcars

iris

iris data set gives the measurements in centimeters of the variables sepal length, sepal width, petal length and petal width, respectively, for 50 flowers from each of 3 species of iris. The species are Iris setosa, versicolor, and virginica.

data("iris")
head(iris)
  Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species
1          5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2  setosa
2          4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2  setosa
3          4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2  setosa
4          4.6         3.1          1.5         0.2  setosa
5          5.0         3.6          1.4         0.2  setosa
6          5.4         3.9          1.7         0.4  setosa

ToothGrowth

ToothGrowth data set contains the result from an experiment studying the effect of vitamin C on tooth growth in 60 Guinea pigs. Each animal received one of three dose levels of vitamin C (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/day) by one of two delivery methods, (orange juice or ascorbic acid (a form of vitamin C and coded as VC).

data("ToothGrowth")
  
head(ToothGrowth)
   len supp dose
1  4.2   VC  0.5
2 11.5   VC  0.5
3  7.3   VC  0.5
4  5.8   VC  0.5
5  6.4   VC  0.5
6 10.0   VC  0.5
  1. len: Tooth length
  2. supp: Supplement type (VC or OJ).
  3. dose: numeric Dose in milligrams/day

PlantGrowth

Results obtained from an experiment to compare yields (as measured by dried weight of plants) obtained under a control and two different treatment condition.

data("PlantGrowth")
  
head(PlantGrowth)
  weight group
1   4.17  ctrl
2   5.58  ctrl
3   5.18  ctrl
4   6.11  ctrl
5   4.50  ctrl
6   4.61  ctrl

USArrests

This data set contains statistics about violent crime rates by us state.

data("USArrests")
     
head(USArrests)
           Murder Assault UrbanPop Rape
Alabama      13.2     236       58 21.2
Alaska       10.0     263       48 44.5
Arizona       8.1     294       80 31.0
Arkansas      8.8     190       50 19.5
California    9.0     276       91 40.6
Colorado      7.9     204       78 38.7
  1. Murder: Murder arrests (per 100,000)
  2. Assault: Assault arrests (per 100,000)
  3. UrbanPop: Percent urban population
  4. Rape: Rape arrests (per 100,000)

Summary


  • Load a built-in R data set: data(“dataset_name”)

  • Inspect the data set: head(dataset_name)


Infos

This analysis has been performed using R (ver. 3.2.3).


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